Macbeth Vs Hamlet :: essays research papers

Proposition: Shakespeare utilized a similar meaning of disaster when he composed Macbeth, and when he composed Hamlet; Shakespearean catastrophes utilize heavenly episodes to interest the peruser's advantage, and his plays comprise of a legend that has a disastrous imperfection (now and again the need for the powerful) which makes him make a deadly mistake.I. Presentation II. Spirits III. Correlation IV. End Shakespeare consistently utilized similar components of disaster when he composed his catastrophes. These disasters can be thought about effectively, particularly Macbet and Hamlet. Shakespearean disasters utilize extraordinary episodes to interest the peruser's advantage, and they comprise of a legend that has a terrible blemish (here and there the longing for the otherworldly) which makes him commit a lethal error. Shakespeare followed this example in the entirety of his disasters; accordingly the likenesses among Macbeth and Hamlet can without much of a stretch be characterize d and discussed.Shakespeare promptly began Macbeth with a heavenly scene. The three witches set the grave and malevolence tone of the plot. In Hamlet, Shakespeare additionally introduced a heavenly event near the opening. The phantom of Hamlet's dad introduced itself to Hamlet with a chilling story. In the two circumstances, the lamentable saint was uncertain about whether the spirits were acceptable or malicious. The introduction of the extraordinary started to prompt the last destruction of every one of the characters. In Macbeth, the three witches made him think and carry out malice things. In the event that he had never met the witches, he would not have been enticed to kill the lord; along these lines, he would not have set himself in the position that he believed he expected to execute each and every individual who crossed his way. In the event that he wasn't so misleading, Macduff would not have called for war, and he would not have killed him. In Hamlet, in the event that he had not seen the apparition of his dad, he would not have realized that the supreme lord had submitted murder to pick up the seat.

The Sun Rising by John Donne :: Poetry

The Sun Rising by John Donne The Sun Rising by John Donne utilizes allegorical, expository and metaphor methods to show the removal of the outside world for two sweethearts' internal world and how the sun satisfies its obligations by spinning around their room. Donne utilizes metaphorical language all through the sonnet. The principal refrain thinks about the sun to a Bustling old imbecile (1) and Through windows, and through blinds approach us? (3) is metaphorical language for eyes. A wink permits the sun to come into the darlings' internal world. The peruser realizes the sweethearts' room isn't the focal point of the world and the sun doesn't contract[ed] around their bed. Donne's relocation of the outside world, for the darlings' inside world, utilizes an explanatory procedure to endeavor to demonstrate by reason the strength and intensity of a couples love. At the point when Donne inquires as to why the sun approaches us? (3), Why shouldst thou think? (12) and Must to [the sun's] movements sweethearts' seasons run? Donne anticipates that you should definitely know the appropriate responses. He utilizes this language to assist you with going past the restrictions of the material world by ignoring outer impacts and forcing the sun to turn around the darlings. Allegorical language and explanatory strategy are joined with overstatement to change the outside world to rotate around the sweethearts' inward world. Dunne drives the sun away telling it to go reprimand (5) and in refrain twenty-nine Sparkle here to us, and thou are all over the place (29). These are embellishments for accentuation putting the sweethearts at the focal point of the world. Allegorical,

Schizophrenia Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Coping

Schizophrenia Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Coping Schizophrenia Print An Overview of Schizophrenia By Ruth Jessen Hickman, MD facebook linkedin  Ruth Jessen Hickman, MD, is a freelance medical and health writer and published book author. Learn about our editorial policy Ruth Jessen Hickman, MD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 18, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 Schizophrenia Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children In This Article Table of Contents Expand Symptoms Diagnosis Causes Treatment Coping In Children For Caregivers View All Schizophrenia  is a type of mental illness that affects how the brain works. This leads to chronic problems with disordered thoughts and behaviors. It usually  requires lifelong care and treatment. Researchers estimate that schizophrenia affects approximately 0.3 percent to 0.7 percent of people (between 3 in 1000 and 7 in 1000).?? Schizophrenia affects people from all racial backgrounds and ethnicities. Schizophrenia is slightly more common in men than in women. Verywell / Cindy Chung Symptoms Two of the major categories of schizophrenia symptoms are “positive” or “negative symptoms.  These terms dont refer to whether the symptoms are good or bad as some people might think, but rather to the way symptoms present. Positive Symptoms Positive symptoms are active problems that shouldn’t be present (like hallucinations).?? They are positive in the sense that they represent an addition to someones typical day-to-day experience. Some of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia include: HallucinationsDelusionsDisorganized thinking and speech Hallucinations: During a hallucination, a person hears, sees, feels, or smells something that is not actually present. Most often this occurs in the form of hearing voices that others do not hear. These voices may be reassuring, threatening, or anything in between. Sometimes a person experiences these only as intrusive thoughts, but often they seem to come from outside the self. Delusions: Delusions  are false beliefs held by a person that are not shared by other people. Someone with a delusion has a very fixed view of a situation and cannot be talked out of it with reason. For example, someone with schizophrenia might believe he is the subject of a government conspiracy, or that aliens are trying to monitor his activities. Disorganized Speech: People with disorganized speech may be difficult to understand because their sentences are unconnected  or because the person is frequently switching topics in a way that doesn’t make sense to the listener. However, the speech may have meaning for the individual in a way that is connected to their internal experience. Negative Symptoms Characteristics that seem to be absent or diminished in someone with schizophrenia are called negative symptoms.?? Negative symptoms of schizophrenia can include: Decreased emotional expressionLack of initiation in goal-directed activities People may also have additional cognitive symptoms like difficulty concentrating, remembering, or planning activities. People with schizophrenia may also have poor self-care and poor interpersonal, school, or career functioning. The illness also makes it more challenging for the individual to join in social events, and participate in meaningful relationships. Fluctuation of Symptoms Symptoms may have periods of worsening, and periods of improvement. Periods of worsening symptoms are called flares or relapses.?? With treatment, most of these symptoms may diminish or go away (especially positive symptoms).  Disease remission refers to periods of six months or longer in which a person experiences no symptoms or only mild symptoms. On the whole, negative symptoms tend to be harder to treat than positive ones. In the traditional biomedical model of schizophrenia, these symptoms are purely pathological. However, people in the hearing voices movement argue that hearing voices is sometimes a meaningful human experience and that it shouldnt be seen purely as a sign of illness. Age of Onset The early symptoms of schizophrenia often start to appear gradually and then become more severe and obvious to others. Typically, symptoms of schizophrenia first appear sometime between adolescence and a person’s mid-30s.?? However, sometimes symptoms appear earlier or later. In women, symptoms tend to begin at a later age than in men. Changes in the Brain Scientists are continuing to learn about how schizophrenia affects the brain, as the condition is associated with a number of alterations in how the brain functions. These brain changes reflect the specific symptoms of the disease. The following are some of the brain regions thought to have disordered functioning in schizophrenia: Medial temporal lobe (causing problems with working memory)Superior temporal lobe (causing problems processing auditory information)Prefrontal lobe (causing problems with decision-making and inhibition) Diagnosis There isn’t a simple blood test or brain scan that health providers can use to diagnose schizophrenia. To diagnose schizophrenia, a physician takes a thorough medical history and performs a medical exam.  A clinician will need to rule out other psychiatric conditions that can cause hallucinations or delusions (such as Morgellons disease). People with schizoaffective disorder, for instance, have many of the same symptoms of schizophrenia, but they also have specific problems with their mood and emotions. Some other medical conditions that can cause some similar symptoms to schizophrenia include: Substance-related disordersDementiaEndocrine and inflammatory conditionsBrain tumorDelirium In some cases, an individual might need additional tests to rule out other conditions like these. How Mental Health Professionals Use the DSM Today Time Matters The time period of symptoms is also important in diagnosis. To be diagnosed with schizophrenia, a person must display at least a six-month period of symptoms. If you or a loved one have had symptoms for less than a month, the diagnosis may instead be what is called a brief psychotic disorder. Someone who has had symptoms for more than a month but less than six months might be diagnosed with something called schizophreniform disorder. Sometimes people with these conditions have persistent symptoms and are later officially diagnosed with schizophrenia. Subtypes You may have heard of various types of schizophrenia, such as paranoid schizophrenia or catatonic schizophrenia. Mental health providers used to diagnose people with these different subtypes based on their different symptoms. However, in 2013, psychiatrists decided to stop classifying people with schizophrenia in this way. They concluded that these categories didn’t really help them understand schizophrenia any better, and they didn’t help clinicians provide better care to patients. Causes The causes of schizophrenia are complex  and not completely understood, though research does indicate certain risk factors. Genetics Genetics seem to play a role in those who have schizophrenia. You are more likely to have schizophrenia if you inherited variations of certain genes  (portions of DNA) from your parents. People who have a relative with schizophrenia have a somewhat increased risk of also having schizophrenia or a related disorder, like schizoaffective disorder. Identical twins (who share identical DNA) are more likely to have schizophrenia than fraternal twins (who do not). This implies that genetics play a role in triggering schizophrenia, probably through several different genes. Other Risk Factors Schizophrenia can occur in people who have no history of it in their family. And just because you have schizophrenia in your family, doesn’t mean you will have it yourself. Various environmental factors have been linked to an increased risk of schizophrenia.??  Some of these include: Obstetric complications at your birthInfection of the central nervous system in early childhoodChildhood traumaSocial stressors, such as economic adversity However, many people with schizophrenia have none of these risk factors. Schizophrenia likely emerges as a complex result of a variety of genetic, environmental, social, and psychological factors that are not yet well understood. Treatment Ideally, treatment for schizophrenia combines a multidisciplinary approach from a collaborative team of health professionals. Early treatment can help improve the chances of a fuller recovery. Elements of treatment should include: Psychiatric medicationPsychological treatmentSocial support Many people with schizophrenia will need to initially be hospitalized for psychiatric treatment so that doctors can stabilize their condition. Medications Antipsychotic medications form a very important part of treatment for schizophrenia. These medications help reduce the symptoms of schizophrenia and help prevent relapse. First generation antipsychotic medications describe a class of drugs that were developed in the 1950s. These are also called typical antipsychotics. Some of these include: Haldol (haloperidol)Thorazine (chlorpromazine) This group of antipsychotics tend to have similar side effects like problems with movement (known as extrapyramidal symptoms), drowsiness, and dry mouth. Scientists later developed a newer group of antipsychotics, often called second-generation antipsychotics or atypical antipsychotics. Some of these antipsychotic drugs include the following: Abilify (aripiprazole)Clozaril (clozapine)Zyprexa (olazapine)Seroquel (quetiapine)INVEGA (paliperidone) These drugs don’t usually cause the movement problems of typical antipsychotic drugs. However, they are more likely to cause weight gain and other problems with metabolism, among other side effects. Therapy Increasingly, mental health providers are realizing the important role of psychological treatment in addressing schizophrenia. For example, various forms of psychotherapy can be very helpful. One form of psychotherapy called cognitive behavioral therapy  helps patients learn to identify and change their dysfunctional emotions, behaviors, and thoughts.?? No matter the type of therapy one pursues, its best to be as honest as possible with your doctor or mental health professional. This way he/she can help you to the full extent in managing and coping with your symptoms. Schizophrenia Discussion Guide Get our printable guide to help you ask the right questions at your next doctors appointment. Download PDF Family therapy can also help both patients and family members learn better how to cope with the condition. Many people with schizophrenia also need social skills training, which can help teach basic self-care and social skills. Find Support With the 9 Best Online Therapy Programs Additional Support Support groups can also be helpful, both for people with the condition and for family members. People with schizophrenia may also need help finding work, housing, or certain other types of assistance. Goals of Treatment The goal of treatment is to help patients achieve remission. Some people have long periods of remission with a quite stable disease and minimal impairment.?? Other people have worsening symptoms and functioning  and do not have a good response to available therapies. It is hard to know how a specific person will do after diagnosis. But the outlook for people with schizophrenia has improved over recent years, with better psychiatric medications and more comprehensive psychological and social support. Coping People diagnosed with schizophrenia can face a variety of challenges. Learning how to navigate these potential obstacles is an important part of living fully and keeping symptoms manageable. Emotional Coping Living with schizophrenia may feel overwhelming at times, especially as you learn of your new diagnosis and begin the treatment process. Emotional challenges are to be expected and it is important to allow yourself time to learn how to effectively regulate your emotions. Through counseling and peer support, you can learn ways to manage your emotional experiences in healthy ways. Social coping Social support from peers, family, and friends is important as you learn how to successfully navigate the journey of living with schizophrenia. There may be times when it is difficult to tell others about your condition, especially if you feel you may be judged by others. Learning about your condition, and being open about your experiences, can help others understand what you need, and how they might be able to help. Debunking myths Some people dont understand the condition of schizophrenia. You might find yourself explaining things about your condition to others. Some common misconceptions or myths about schizophrenia include things like:?? It means having multiple personalitiesThe diagnosis is very rareThe condition leads to violent behaviorIt always becomes worse over time The reality is that each persons experience with schizophrenia is unique. Although there are specific clinical criteria that need to be met in order to be diagnosed, each person can have different experiences with the types of symptoms they have, the degree to which symptoms progress over time or go into remission, and how they respond to treatment methods. In Children Although rare, the onset of schizophrenia can occur in children 13 years old or younger. It is estimated that childhood schizophrenia impacts about one percent of the American population.?? Being able to identify the condition in children can be quite difficult, as children can have a hard time understanding and describing their experiences to others. For this reason, asking your child questions about symptoms may not be very helpful. You may want to consult your childs doctor if you notice things like: Strange eating ritualsUnusual behaviorsBizarre ideasSocial isolationDrastic change in academic performance Since the onset of schizophrenia symptoms typically takes place in the late teens into the early thirties, keep in mind these symptoms are likely related to something other than schizophrenia. For Caregivers Caring for a loved one with schizophrenia can feel challenging. One of the most important things that can help is to educate yourself on the condition and the experiences that those with schizophrenia often face.?? Gathering information can help us learn what to expect along the way, what our loved one might need in the process and how we can best help. Support can be as important for caregivers as it is for the person living with the condition. Group support environments offer opportunities to connect with others who can relate to challenges and join you in celebrating victories. You may also find that people share helpful information about new or progressive treatment methods and other resources that can help your loved one. Dont be afraid to ask for help. Caregivers can feel overwhelmed with responsibilities and spend so much time caring for others that they neglect caring for themselves. Reaching out to a support group, a mental health provider or other resources can allow you space to share your experiences and process emotions. A Word From Verywell Schizophrenia is often a difficult illness to fully treat, but there is hope. Through multifaceted and consistent treatment, many individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia can recover from many disease symptoms. People with schizophrenia need support from their family and community members to have the best chance of living full and active lives. If you or your family member has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, know that it isn’t your fault. Also, know that there are many people to help affected individuals recover and regain control of their lives. What Are the Symptoms of Schizophrenia?