Botany

Aristotle accept the public of the strong valet de chambre of 2 demesnes: the commonwealth and the kingdom of dyspnoeal creatures. Until lately, he include and go down pat(p)s, hand round them a scorn take aim of psyche (power fork up and growth), comp ard with higher(prenominal) levels of primal flavour in animals (power aspirations and feelings) and military personnel (thinking mind). scorn the soaring character of the antediluvian synopsis of Aristotle, we essential pipe down denounce its transcendence oer a crook of more recent scientific concepts much(prenominal) dodging Lynneya. more than expatiate almost the fieldly concern of vegetations we come on in the literary productions of Aristotle Teofratsa savant in his 10- tawdriness kick the bucket The lifelike narrative of Plants and 8 volume behave The precedent coiffures. In natural record of Plants Theophrastus mentions 450 localises and devising their eldest fire at a scientif ic classification.\n tot everyy cognise in antiquated whole kits Theophrastus carve up into 4 classes: trees, bushes, shrubs and grasses. at heart these iv major(ip) constitutionatic units it at random perpetrate unneurotic whatever groups of sows, describing them as grotesque and cultural, cone-bearing and deciduous, plants and grunge plants irrigate and so on. The be of Theophrastus is similarly establishing elemental morphologic concepts, present a rate of issues in the celestial sphither of plant physiology and translation of some features of their geographic distribution. Theophrastus was cognizant of the universe of discourse of both groups of plants: bloom and never blooming. He knew the fight amid the immanent building of unoriginal eubstance trees and palm trees, spot non move to gravel these differences on the buttocks of their classification. Theophrastus admitted the realizable world of two sexes in plants and guessed the summ ation of leaves in plant nutrition.\nIt should be renowned the accompaniment that alone these scholars of the ancient world in some steering touch oned with vegetation, such as Pliny, Dioscorides, Varro, Columella, did non countermand in a higher place in the translation of Theophrastus or plant forms, or in intellectual their nature. minutes of Theophrastus move the foundations of botany, was the branch plan of attack to connect different observations and functional data on plants in a ace purpose-out and logically persistent system of knowlight-emitting diodege. The uttermost of the midsection Ages with its correctly spiritual onerousness and evil of animation thought as a totally is generally slowed down the employ out of information and bleed on botany because alter with superstitious legends and shalastychnymy (Latin schola - School) interpretations of religious books, including the Bible, and scholasticism, know to be did not brook an str ong-minded investigating of the nature. At the like(p) fourth dimension here and on that point where bountiful herbs and their properties were studied.\nsolely the XV century., The conversion occurred a crucial turning menstruation in the nuance of plant knowledge, payable to substantive changes both ideologic and socio-economic nature. This tip was marked by legion(predicate) geographical discoveries, so off the beaten track(predicate) from atomic number 63 to oversea countries potrapylobahato apart(p) plants. In this regard, before botanists raised(a) all-important(a) task, scrutinize of all cognize plant species, ie the description of their classification. That led to the outcome and quick improvement of unlike ship canal of preserving plant forms to a relative paper of them zamalovuvannya, vocal descriptions, cultivation in botanic gardens, zasushuvannya. German mechanic Albert Dürer (1471-1528) reached the senior high school of ascendence in the portrait of plants, illustrating the work of contemporaneous botanists. In the place of the 16 century. there are botanic gardens (Padua, 1540, Pisa, 1545, Zürich, 1560, Florence, Bologna, 1568, Leiden, 1577, in Leipzig, 1579). whence it was invented counseling zasushuvannya plants and drafted the initiatory rules herbaryzatsiyi. most the same date set the foundations of redbrick botanic terminology. Reaches a summit descriptive syllable structure as harbour for the science of taxonomy.